![]() ![]() This process involves three steps: activation, germination, and outgrowth. ![]() When favorable conditions prevail (i.e., availability of water, appropriate nutrients), spores germination occurs, forming vegetative cells of pathogenic bacteria. The process of conversion of a spore into a vegetative cell under suitable conditions is known as germination. In addition to the endospore’s low water content, the core’s pH is about one unit lower than the vegetative cell cytoplasm.The core of a mature endospore has only 10-25% of the water content of the vegetative cell, and thus the consistency of the core cytoplasm is that of a gel.This complex intercalates (inserts between bases) in DNA and stabilizes the DNA against heat denaturation. The calcium-dipicolinic acid complex represents about 10% of the dry weight of the endospore, thus helping to dehydrate it. Endospores are also enriched in calcium, most of which are complexed with dipicolinic acid.Dipicolinic acid, absent in vegetative cells, accumulates in the bacterial endospore’s core. ![]() The core of the mature endospore differs greatly from the vegetative cell from which it was formed. Cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid, ribosomes, and other cellular essentials are found inside the core wall. The core is the innermost region of a bacterial endospore surrounded by a core wall. The cortex lies below the spore coat and consists of loosely cross-linked peptidoglycan. The spore coat is composed of layers of spore-specific proteins. Exosporium, a thin protein covering, is the outermost layer of a bacterial endospore. ![]()
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